In the January 1972 issue of the Report, NACLA noted that as Congress reduced spending on the Military Assistance Program (MAP), the Nixon Administration was increasingly pressuring Third World countries to "arm now - pay later" under the credit system of the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. Using 1970 and 1971 data, we showed that U.S. arms sales to the Third World had reached parity with MAP spending (FMS sales to underdeveloped countries totalled $1,275 million in 1970-71 while MAP grants came to $1,240 million), and predicted a "dramatic rise in FMS sales in coming years. Now, two years later, it is clear that even our wildest predic- tions of 1972 failed to register the phenomenal growth in military exports to the Third World: U.S. FOREIGN MILITARY SALES TRENDS, 1 9 5 0-197 2 a (By Fiscal Year; Dollars in millions) Region 1950-69 1970-72 1950-72 UNDERDEVELOPED NATIONS, Total....... 2,770 3,992 6,762 East Asia ......... 185 310 495 Latin America...... 448 258 706 Near East & S. Asia 1,834 3,189 5,023 Africa............. 64 68 132 Spain & Portugal... 239 167 406 DEVELOPED NATIONS, Total................. 8,880 2,505 11,385 Europec ........... 6,655 1,976 8,631 Australia, Japan, New Zealand...... 1,167 325 1,492 Canada.............. 822 109 931 NATO ............... 236 95 331 TOTAL................ 11,650 6,497 18,147 "aSource: U.S. House Committee on Foi Mutual Development & Cooperation reign Affairs Act of 1973, in Fiscal 1974, with Defense Department officials predicting a record-breaking military sales total of $5.4 billion worldwide (of which 60 percent represents sales to Third World nations), FMS deliveries are running at a rate eight times greater than MAP grants. Not surprisingly, the explosive growth in military sales to underdeveloped countries has been accompanied by changes in U.S. foreign policy. Whereas previous Administrations had held that military exports should be carefully screened to prevent needless Third World expen- ditures on non-developmental programs, and to - 24 - Hearings, 93rd Cong., 1st Sess., 1973, pp. b 130-8. (Excludes commercial cash sales.) cExcludes Australia, Japan, New Zealand. CExcludes Spain and Portugal. m mprevent local arm races from erupting in war, the Nixon Administration argues that any such controls are self-defeating since these countries will buy arms anyway-if not from us, then from Europe or the USSR--and that American interests are best served by selling to anyone who can make the down payments. 2 "Despite all arguments to the contrary," Deputy Secretary of Defense William P. Clements told Congress in announcing the 1974 sales target of $5.4 billion, "foreign military sales in this magnitude, and even a larger magnitude, are fully consistent with our national interest. The importance attached by the Nixon Doctrine to encouraging the military self-reliance of our free world partners makes it axiomatic that nations having the necessary economic capability should procure their own military equipment and services for cash or credit on appropriate terms." (Emphasis added.) During subsequent questioning by members of the House Armed Services Committee, Clements and his aides indicated that there were other compelling arguments for accelerating U.S. mili- tary sales to the Third World: first, that such sales can contribute significantly to the reduc- tion of America's balance-of-payments deficit; second, that such sales will insure full.produc- tion (and thus full employment) in the U.S. aerospace industry despite the slowdown in De- fense procurement occasioned by the cease-fire in Vietnam; and third, that credit-assisted sales enable us to continue providing arms for friendly Third World governments without requir- ing direct subsidies from the declining foreign aid program. Any restriction on U.S. military exports, Clements argued, "decreases the poten- tial contribution of sales . . . to strengthen- ing both free world security and the U.S. economy and balance-of-payments position." (Emphasis added.) The Administration's .new policies were given dramatic emphasis in the early summer of 1973, when, in a series of three decisions, the White House shattered every existing constraint on arms sales to the Third World: -First, on May 26, the Pentagon confirmed that the Administration had agreed to sell ad- vanced armaments, including F-4 Phantom fighter- bombers and F-5E supersonic jets, to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia--both of which have provided funds and mil tary support to the Arab forces battling Israel. -- Next, on June 5, Secretary of State William P. Rogers announced that President Nixon would exercise his option--under an obscure pro- vision of the Foreign Military Sales Act--to waive Congressional restrictions on the sale of "sophisticated" military hardware to Latin Ameri- ca, and would authorize sales of the F-5E super- sonic fighter to Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela and, surprisingly, to Chile (still at that time ruled by 6 the Marxist government of Salvador Allende). -- Finally, in the last week of July, Shah Muhammad Raza Pahlavi of Iran was flown to the United States to select first-hand the weapons U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND FOREIGN MILITARY SALES TRENDS, FISCAL YEARS 1967 - 1973 (By Fiscal Year; Dollars in Millions) Program Category 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1 9 7 3 c FMS Sales: Underdev'd Nationsa 128 299 515 227 1,048 2,001 n.a. FMS Sales: Developed Nationsa 966 784 1,170 688 834 1,421 n.a FMS Sales: NATO, Int'l Orgs.a 34 30 34 19 15 40 n.a. FMS Sales, Totala 1,128 1,113 1,720 933 1,898 3,462 4,040 Commercial Salesc 345 335 329 567 416 475 569 MILITARY SALES, Totala,c 1,473 1,448 2,049 1,500 2,314 3,937 4,609 NAP Aide Underdev'd Nationsb 692 622 539 520 875 647 n.a. MAP Aid: All Countriesb 757 646 560 523 879 651 774 n.a. = not available aSource (except 1973 data): U.S. Department of Defense, Military Assistance and Foreign Military Sales Facts (Washington, D.C., 1971); and, U.S. Congress, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Mutual Development and Cooperation Act of 1973, Hearings, 93rd Cong., 1st Sess., 1973, pp. 130-8. bSource (Except 1973 data): U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants, July 1, 1946-June 30, 1972 (Washington, 1973). Includes Military Assistance Program (MAP) grants plus transfers of "excess" defense articles. Source: U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Foreign Assistance and Related Programs Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1974, Hearings, 93rd Cong., Ist Sess., 1973, Part II, p. 1434. - 25 -I. U.S. Foreign Military Sales, 1950-72' (By Fiscal Year; dollars in millions) Region & country: WORLDWIDE, Total = E. ASIA, Total Australia Burma China (Taiwan) Japan Korea (South) Malaysia N. Zealand Philippines Singapore Thailand Other NEAR EAST, S. ASIA Greece India Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Lebanon Pakistan S. Arabia Turkey Other LATIN AMERICA Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Cuba (1950-59) Dominican Rep. Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Peru 1950-69 11,649.9 1,352.8 835.7 2.0 121.8 235.3 5.2 16.3 96.5 5.8 20.0 5.1 9.2 1,833.8 60.7 83.0 765.6 13.2 367.8 136.1 2.7 88.9 311.0 4.6 0.3 447.5 99.5 0.9 99.7 42.5 11.2 4.5 1.9 4.3 1.5 3.0 1.1 11.9 2.2 49.5 1970-72 6,496.7 634.5 214.0 0.3 208.4 95.4 34.8 13.8 15.3 2.5 10.6 39.4 * 3,189.5 268.9 3.5 1,036.3 1,349.0 65.6 12.3 46.1 382.5 25.3 * 257.9 56.8 0.1 75.5 23.2 15.3 0.1 0.3 * 12.4 * 0.9 1.0 5.0 1950-72 18,146.5 1,987.3 1,049.6 2.2 330.3 330.7 40.0 30.1 111.8 8.3 30.7 44.5 9.2 5,023.3 329.6 86.5 1,801.9 13.2 1,716.8 201.7 15.1 134.9 693.5 29.9 0.3 705.4 156.2 1.0 175.2 65.7 26.5 4.5 1.9 4.6 1.5 15.4 1.1 12.8 3.3 54.5 Region & Country: 1950-69 1970-72 1950-72 - 26 - Uruguay 2.8 7.6 10.4 Venezuela 109.6 59.6 169.1 Other 1.5 0.2 1.7 AFRICA, Total 64.5 67.7 132.2 Liberia 1.3 2.0 3.3 Libya 21.1 9.8 30.9 Morocco 31.3 32.3 63.6 Nigeria 0.4 1.0 1.4 So. Africa 3.1 * 3.1 Sudan 1.5 - 1.5 Tunisia 3.0 2.2 5.2 Zaire (Congo) 1.5 19.8 21.4 Other 1.2 0.6 1.8 EUROPE, Total 6,894.3 2,143.4 9,037.7 Austria 55.6 6.3 61.9 Belgium 124.1 15.8 139.9 Denmark 75.2 40.5 115.7 France 324.2 15.6 339.9 Germany 3,714.9 1,387.2 5,102.1 Italy 437.5 146.5 583.9 Luxembourg 1.9 0.3 2.2 Netherlands 126.0 44.9 171.0 Norway 168.5 57.7 226.1 Portugal 7.6 6.8 14.3 Spain 201.1 164.6 365.7 Sweden 37.8 2.7 40.4 Switzerland 95.2 35.4 130.6 United Kingdom 1,513.3 217.9 1,731.2 Yugoslavia 11.4 0.5 11.9 Other * 0.8 0.8 Canada 821.6 109.1 930.6 NATO & Int'l Orgns. 235.5 94.6 330.0 aSource: U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Mutual Development and Cooperation Act of 1973, Hearings, 93rd Cong., 1st Sess., 1973, pp. 330-8. Includes sales by the U.S. Dept. of Defense and commercial sales backed by Dept. of Defense loan guaranties. Excludes direct commercial cash sales. Less than $50,000.his government would acquire in a $2.5 billion "buying spreew--the largest arms deal ever nego- tiated. While in the U.S., the Shah became the first foreigner to be invited to place orders for America's newest jet aircraft--the F-14 and F-15 air-superiority fighters--in the first instance of a Third World nation being allowed to buy a new advanced weapon before our NATO allies. The phenomenal growth of U.S. arms sales to Third World areas is eloquently documented in the raw statistics provided Congress by the De- partment of Defense. By doing a few simple cal- culations using this data, one makes the star- tlia discovery that U.S. military exports to underdeveloped countries over the past three years ($4.0 billion for Fiscal Years 1970-72) are nearly one and a half times greater than all such sales for the preceeding twenty years ($2.8 billion Fiscal 1950-69). On a per annum basis, this works out to $1.3 billion yearly for 1970- 72, as compared to only $140 million per year for 1950-69. Equally striking is the fact that sales to underdeveloped countries in 1970-72 were sixty percent gr ater than sales to the developed 8 countries. These ominous trends are graphically displayed in the accompanying tables and charts. -M. Klare FOOTNOTES: "Arms Sales to the Third World," NACLA'e Latin America Report, January, 1972, pp. 2-8. For discussion and references, see Michael Klare, War Without End: American Planning for the Next Vietnams (New York: Knopf, 1972), pp. 283-7. U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Mutual Development and Cooperation Act of 1973, Hearings, 93rd Cong., 1st Sess., 1973, p. 110. (Hereinafter cited as Mutual Development 1973.) Ibid. -- - Aviation Week & Space Technology, June 11, 1973, p. 30. The New York Times, June 6, 1973. The New York Times, July 19, 22, 26, 1973. Mutual Development 1973, pp. 130-8. Advertisement. Aviation Week and Space Technology - 27 - Major U.S. Arms Transfers To Foreign Countries, 1971-73 Compiled by M. Klare / NACLA (Note: parantheses indicate approximation. Abbreviations at end of table.) Date Date Recipient Quantity Item Comment Ordered Delivered Source Latin America Argentina 8 Bell 205A-1 utility helicopter n.a. 1971 SY72 4 Sikorsky S-61D4 ASW helicopter Jul 71 1972 MB72/3 8 Hughes 500M light helicopter n.a. 1971 SY72 48 McD-D A-4B Skyhawk attack plane ex-USN; 16 delivered 1970 1972-3 AWST,4-9-73; 1972 for aircraft SY73 carrier 25 de Mayo 3 Lockheed C-130E Hercules cargo plane 1970 1971-2 SY73 3 Fairchild-Hiller Turbo-Porter STOL For Navy use n.a. 1971 SY72 transport plane 2 Ocean-going tugs Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB,5-73 2 Destroyers Ex-USN n.a. Jul 72 IDB,5-73 2 Patrol boats, 689 t. displmt. 1972 SY72 Brazil 6 Sikorsky S-61 ASW helicopter n.a. (1972-3) AWST,5-28-73 22 Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter For carrying troops; n.a. (1972) AWST,5-28-73; 8 delivered Jan 73 IDB,5-73 48 Northrop F-5E Int'l Fighter Cost: $100 m. May 73 n.a. AWST,6-4-73 25 Cessna T-37C trainer aircraft n.a. Jan 72 IDB,5-73 1 Destroyer Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB,5-73 3 Submarine, Guppy-II class Ex-USN n.a. 1972 SY73 Chile 20 McD-D A-4B Skyhawk attack plane Ex-USN; delivery 1973 n.a. AWST,5-14-73 pending from US surplus stocks 3 Lockheed C-130E Hercules cargo plane Purchased with $5 m. Jun 71 1 72 SY72 FMS credits ? Cessna A-37B Dragonfly COIN aircraft 1973 n.a. AWST,7-30-73 1 Ocean-going tug, 1235 t. displmt. Loan; ex-USN n.a. Jul 71 SY72 1 Naval tanker Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB,5-73 Colombia 1 Destroyer, Sumner class, 2200 t. dis. Ex-USN n.a. Jul 72 SY73 1 Destroyer-escort Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB,5-73 Dominican Rep. 1 Ocean-going tug, ATA class Ex-USN n.a. Feb 72 IDB,5-73 Ecuador 2 Fairchild-Hiller Turbo-Porter STOL 1971 Jun 71 SY72 transport plane Guatemala (6) Cessna A-37 COIN aircraft n.a. 1971 SY72 ? Bell 205A-1 utility helicopter n.a. 1971 SY72 Haiti 4 Helicopters 1971 (1972) SY73 6 Coast Guard vessels, 100 t. dispimt. Cost: $1.2 m. 1971 (1972) SY73 Honduras (4) Cavalier P-51 Mustang COIN plane To replace losses in n.a. 1971 SY72 1969 war with El 2 Douglas B-26 Invader bombers Salvador n.a. 1971 SY72 Jamaica 1 Bell 206A Jet Ranger helicopter n.a. 1971 SY72 Mexico 5 Bell 205A-1 utility helicopter Nov 72 1973 SY73 5 Bell 206B Jet Ranger helicopter Nov 72 1973 SY73 Panama 1 Douglas DC-6 transport plane n.a. Jan 71 SY72 Paraguay 12 Bell H-13 Sioux It. obs. helicopter MAP grant n.a. Mar 72 SY73 Peru 13 Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter Apr 72 Mar 73 IDB,5-73 24 Cessna A-37B Dragonfly armed trainer Armed for COIN 1973 n.a. AWST,7-30-73 ? Beech T-42A trainer aircraft n.a. 1972 IDB.5-73 - 28 -
Arms Trusafers Date Date Recipient Quantity Item Comment Ordered Delivered Source Uruguay 1 Destroyer-escort Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB 5-73 Venezuela 16 Rockwell OV-IOE Bronco COIN aircraft Purchased with $4.2 Dec 71 1973 MB72/3;SY73 m. FMS credits 12 Rockwell T-2D armed trainer Cost: $5.2 m. Apr 72 1973 MB72/3;SY73 100 Raytheon AIM-9 Sidewinder A/A missile Feb 72 n.a. IDB,5-73 1 Destroyer Ex-USN n.a. Jul 72 IDB,5-73 1 Submarine Ex-USN n.a. Jan 72 IDB,5-73 Near East & So. Asia Greece 36 McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber $150 m. FMS credits Mar 72 1973-74 MB72/73;SY73 2 Destroyers Ex-USN Sep 71 Apr 74 MB72/73;SY73 Iran 287 Bell 214A troop-carrying helicopter $502 m. contract Jun 73 1974-79 AWST,7-2-73; 202 Bell AH-1J Cobra helic. gunship J signed June 1973 SY73 141 Northrop F-5E International Fighter These sales are part 32 McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber (in of a $2.5 billion addition to 64 previously sold) arms deal announced 50 McD-D F-15 Air Superiority fighter Feb. 1973--the (1973) n.a. AWST,8-27-73 36 Grumman F-14A Air Superiority fighter biggest arms sale (1973) n.a. AWST,8-27-73 4 Lockheed P-3C Orion ASW patrol plane ever negotiated. Sep 72 1974 IDB,10-72 6 Boeing 707-329 tanker-transport J Cost: $62.5 m. 3 NAR Turbo Commander utility plane Cost: $2.5 m. n.a. 1972-73 SY73 6 NAR Aero-Commander Shrike light plane (2,500) Hughes Maverick TV-guided A/S guided First sale outside (1973) n.a. AWST,6-18-73 missile for F-4s the U.S. ? Hughes TOW antitank missile Cost: $15 m. 1971 1971-73 SY73 1 Destroyer, "Sumner" class, 2200-t. Ex-USN (1971) 1972 SY73 displacement Israel 42 McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber Feb 72 1972-74 NYT,2-11-72; 90 McD-D A-4 Skyhawk attack plane SY73 ? H-107 SP 175-mm. howitzer Apr 72 (1972) MB72/3 (30+) McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber These items repre- 6+ McD-D A-4 Skyhawk attack plane sent part of the 150+ M-60 medium tank 50,000 tons of war 2,000 Hughes TOW antitank missile supplies rushed to Oct 72 Oct 72 AWST,10-22-73; Israel during the Business Week, Oct. 1973 war. The 10-20-73 Nixon Admin. plans arms shipments worth $2.2 billion to Israel in 1974+ Jordan 24 Northrop F-5A and F-SE fighters MAP grant 1972 1973+ MB72/3;SY73 4 Fairchild-Hiller C-119K cargo plane n.a. 1972-73 SY73 90 M-60 medium tank MAP grant 1971 1971 MB72/3 200 M-113 APCs MAP grant 1972 1974 MB72/3;SY73 Kuwait 30 LTV F-8 Crusader jet fighter Part of an est. $500 (1973) n.a. NYT,5-26-73 (160) M-60 medium tanks J m. arms deal 2 Lockheed C-130 Hercules cargo plane n.a. Apr 71 SY72 Saudi Arabia (100) Northrop F-5E International Fighter $130 m. deal for lst 1971 1974+ AWST,11-12-73 20 Northrop F-5B trainers 30 F-5Es and the F-SBs signed 9-71 20-30 Westland-Sikorsky S-61 troop-carrying n.a. (1973) AWST,9-17-73 helicopter 10 Lockheed C-130 Hercules cargo plane n.a. 1968+ AWST,11-12-73 4 Lockheed KC-130 tanker aircraft 1972 n.a. IDB,10-72 Sri Lanka 4 Bell 204A Jet Ranger helicopter MAP grant, $3 m. n.a. Apr 72 SY73 Turkey 42 Northrop F-SE International Fighter Apr 72 n.a. MB72/3 40 McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber $200 m. FMS credits Aug 72 1973-75 SY73 12 Grumman S-2 Tracker ASW patrol plane Jun 71 1972 SY73 5 Beech T-42A trainer aircraft MAP grant n.a. 1971 SY72 400 M-48 Patton tank Ex-U.S. Army 1972 1972+ SY73 2 Destroyers Ex-USN n.a. 1972 IDB,2-73 3 Submarines, "Guppy" class Ex-USN n.a. 1972 SY73 7 Gunboats, 225 t. displmt. n.a. (1971-72) SY73 - 29 - INEast Asia & Pacific Arms Transfers Date Date Recipient Quantity Item Comments Ordered Delivered Source Australia 30 Bell UH-1 Iroquois utility helicopter Oct 71 n.a. MB72/3 75 Bell 206A Jet Ranger helicopter May 72 1973 MB72/3 12 Boeing-Vertol CH-47C Chinook helicopter Mar 72 1973 MB72/3 24 Gen. Dynamics FB-111 Swing-wing Original 1963 price Oct 63 Mar 73 WSJ,3-13-73 fighter-bomber set at $125 m; now will cost $344 m. Burma 12 Cessna T-37C armed trainer For COIN use n.a. (1971) SY72 Cambodia (20) Bell UH-1 helicopter gunships Ex-U.S. Army 1973 1973 NYT,6-2-73 6 Bell 205A-1 helicopters MAP grant (1970) SY72 ? NAR T-28 trainer aircraft MAP grant; replaces 1971 (1971) SY72 10 destroyed Jan. 1971 20 Douglas A-I Skyraider MAP grant n.a. Nov 1972 SY73 2 Cessna L-19 Bird Dog spotter planes MAP grant n.a. Nov 1972 SY73 Indonesia (16) Lockheed T-33 trainer aircraft MAP grant n.a. (1972) SY73 Japan 11 Bell/Fuji UH-IH utility helicopter Assembled in Japan; n.a. (1972) AWST,2-7-72 Cost: $850,000 ea. 15 Hughes/Kawasaki OH-6J light helic. Assembled in Japan n.a. (1972) AWST,2-7-72 48 Hughes TH-55 helicopter trainer Nov 71 (1976) MB72/3 6 Sikorsky/Mitsubishi ASW patrol helic. Assembled in Japan n.a. (1972) AWST,2-7-72 6 Boeing-Vertol/Kawasaki medium helic. Assembled in Japan; n.a. (1972) AWST,2-7-72 cost: $1.7 m. ea. 186 McD-D F-4EJ Phantom fighter-bomber 158 to be built in 1970-71 1974-77 MB72/3 Japan under license 14 McD-D RF-4E recon. plane Cost: $6.5 m. each (1972) n.a. AWST,2-7-72 8 Lockheed/Kawasaki P-2J Orion ASW Assembled in Japan; (1972) n.a. AWST,2-7-72 patrol plane Cost: $5.5 m. each 108 Raytheon Hawk S/A missile Cost: $43.2 m. (1972) n.a. AWST,2-7-72 65 McD-D/Mitsubishi Nike-Hercules S/A Cost: $28 m. (1972) n.a. AWST,2-7-72 missile 80 Raytheon/Mitsubishi Sparrow-3 A/A Cost: $6 m. (1972) n.a. AWST,2-7-72 missile Malaysia 100 Cadillac-Gage Commando amphibious APC n.a. (1972) IDB,10-72 16 Northrop F-5E International Fighter Cost: $35 m. Jul 72 1973-75 SY73 Philippines (10) Cessna T-41D trainer aircraft n.a. 1972 SY73 Singapore 40 McD-D A-4 Skyhawk attack planes Ex-USN Sep 72 n.a. AWST,4-9-73 South Korea 16 McD-D F-4 Phantom fighter-bomber To replace F-5s sent 1972 n.a. SY73 to S. Vietnam 11-72 12 Northrop F-5E International Fighter MAP grant 1972 n.a. MB72/3 10 Grumman G-89 Tracker ASW patrol plane Jan 71 1971 SY72 2 Destroyers ex-USN Apr 72 n.a. SY73 2 Coastal minesweepers, 320 t. displmt. MAP grant n.a. Jun 71 SY72 3 Patrol boats FMS credit, $16 m. n.a. 1973-74 IDB,9-72 South Vietnam 78 Northrop F-SE International Fighter MASF grant Mar 72 1973-75 SY73;MB72/3 (650) River and coastal vessels Ex-USN n.a. 1970-73 SY72 (450) M-48 medium tanks Most of this equip- (1,100) M-113 APCs ment is ex-U.S. (1,500) Self-propelled howitzers hardware delivered (750,000) M-16 rifles to S. Vietnam free 20 Douglas A-I Skyraider attack plane of charge under the (72 had been delivered previously) MASF program. Most 1972-73 IDB,12-11-72; 90 Cessna A-37A COIN attack plane (168 deliveries were made SY73 previously delivered) in the period June 20 AC-119 gunship aircraft 1972-Jan. 1973 fol- 32 Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport lowing the May 1972 125 Northrop F-5A/B attack plane (bor- enemy offensive and rowed from Iran, S. Korea, Taiwan) prior to the Jan. 73 270 Bell UH-I Iroquois utility helic. peace settlement. ? EC-47 electronic warfare planes Taiwan 6 Hughes OH-6A light observation helic. MAP grant (1970) n.a. SY72 74 Bell 205A-1 utility helicopter Assembled in Taiwan 1969 1971+ SY73 ? Northroj F-SE International Fighter Will include replace- Mar 72 1972-75 MB72/3 ments for F-5s sent - 30 - to . V etnamAroms Transfers Date Date Recipient Quantity Item Comments Ordered Delivered Source Taiwan 9 Grumman S-2A Tracker ASW patrol plane n.a. (1971) SY72 50 Pazmany PL-I light aircraft Assembled in Taiwan 1968 1970-72 SY73 1 Oceanographic ship, 6090 t. displmt. Ex-USN n.a. Apr 72 SY73 1 Repair ship, 5766 t. displmt. Ex-USN n.a. Mar 72 SY73 Thailand 16 NAR OV-10 Bronco COIN aircraft $5.8 m. FMS credit 1972 1973 SY73 32 McD-D A-4 Skyhawk attack plane Ex-USN (1973) n.a. AWST,5-28-73 (30) Northrop F-5E International Fighter Mar 72 1973-75 MB72/3 17 Douglas A-i Skyraider COIN aircraft MAP grant Jul 72 n.a. NYT,7-11-72 10 River patrol craft MAP grant n.a. 1972 SY73 2 Frigate, 900 t. displmt. 1969 n.a. SY73 Africa Ethiopia 3 Northrop F-5A Freedom Fighter plane n.a. 1972 SY73 Ghana 2 Bell 212 Twin-Pac helicopter n.a. 1972 SY73 Libya 10 Boeing-Vertol CH-47C Chinook medium Deal reported under- Jul 72 n.a. AFJ,7-73 helicopter way 7-73 would be first US sale to rad- ical Arab state. Uganda 6 Bell 212 Twin-Pac helicopter n.a. 1971 SY72 Europe Belgium ? LTV Lance S/S missile Jun 73 n.a. NYT,6-7-73 Germany 175-225 McD-D F-4E Phantom fighter-bomber Cost: $1 billion Sep 71 1974-75 AFJ,4-5-71 (600) LTV Lance S/S missile Cost: $300 m. Jun 73 n.a. NYT,6-7-73 -- These sales are designed to offset U.S. spending on US troops in Germany Italy 2 McD-D DC-9 militarized transport (1973) n.a. AWST,5-28-73 5,000 Hughes TOW antitank missile Apr 1972 1972+ MB72/3 7 LTV Lance S/S missile (1973) n.a. NYT,6-7-73 2 Submarines Ex-USN Mar 72 1972-73 MB72/3 Portugal 1 Repair ship, 1200-t. displmt. Ex-USN n.a. Jan 72 SY73 Spain 6 Boeing-Vertol CH-47C Chinook helic. Cost: $18 m. (1972) n.a. IDB,9-72 4 Lockheed P-3 ASW patrol plane n.a. 1973 AWST,8-20-73 8 Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A Harrier VTOL Built in Britain; Aug 73 1975-76 AWST,8-20-73 fighter modified in U.S. 1 Guided-missile frigate, "Brooke" Built in Spain under n.a. 1972 IDB,5-72 class U.S. supervision United Kingdom ? Mk46 torpedo Dec 71 n.a. MB72/3 (240) LTV Lance S/S missile Cost: $120 m. Jun 73 n.a. NYT.6-7-73 "aFor a table of U.S. arms transfers, 1968-71, see NACLA's Latin America Report, January, 1972. Abbreviations: Sources: A/A - air-to-air MASF - Military Assistance, AFJ - Armed Forces Journal APC - armored personnel carrier Service-Funded AWST - Aviation Week & Space Technology A/S - air-to-surface m. - million IDB - International Defense Business ASW - antisubmarine warfare McD-D - McDonnell-Douglas MB72/3 - International Institute of Strategic COIN - counterinsurgency MAR - North American Rockwell Studies, The Military Balance, dis., displmt. - displacement n.a. - not available 1972-73 (London, 1972) est. - estimated recon. - reconaissance NYT - The New York Times FMS - Foreign Military Sales S/A - surface-to-air SY72 - Stockholm International Peace Re- program SP - self-propelled search Institute, SIPRI Yearbook, helic. - helicopter S/S - surface-to-surface 1971-72 (Stockhom, 1972) It. obs. - light observation t. - ton SY73 - SIPRI Yearbook, 1972-73 (Stockholm, MAP - Military Assistance Program USN - U.S. Navy 1973) WSJ - Wall Street Journal
